Scientific References for Bridge Soles

Bridge Soles were developed following the latest scientific research along with decades of experience dealing with foot and lower leg issues in real-world settings, such as while coaching or at running and walking footwear specialty shops. While Bridge Soles may not help every individual they are targeted for, we are confident that the real-world tested and research backed education and advice that comes with them will!

Below are the scientific references for the philosophies behind P.R. Gear Bridge Soles and the advice and suggestions in the topics/articles below: 

• Help with Neuromas, Metatarsalgia, Sesamoidits, and other forefoot pain
• Help with Plantar Fasciosis (fasciitis) and other arch and heel pain
• Help with Achilles and calf (soleus) issues
• For use with or adapting to cushioned zero drop, minimalist, or more natural footwear

Scientific References from Bridge Soles in-box user guide: 

1. Lemont H, Plantar fasciitis: a degenerative process (fasciosis) without inflammation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2003 May-Jun;93(3):234-7. 
2. Barefoot Running on Grass as a Potential Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis: A Prospective Case Series. MacGabhann S, Kearney D, Perrem N, Francis P.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 22;19(23):15466. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192315466. PMID: 36497540; PMCID: PMC9741467. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9741467/#:~:text=Barefoot%20running%20on%20grass%20appears,completing%20a%20barefoot%20running%20intervention.
3. Nearly all shoes restrict bloodflow to the foot and plantar fascia by passively adducting the hallux (big toe): Jacobs, J.L., et al. J Foot Ankle Res 12, 50 (2019).       
4. High Load strength training and plantar fasciitis. Rathleff, M.S., Mølgaard, C.M., Fredberg, U., Kaalund, S., Andersen, K.B., Jensen, T.T., Aaskov, S. and Olesen, J.L. (2015), Scandinvavian Journal of Med Sci Sports, 25: e292-300.  https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12313    https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2014/09/15/plantar-fasciitis-important-new-research-by-michael-rathleff/
5. *Shulman, S. 1949 Journal of the Natl Assoc. of Chiropodists   
6. Sinclair J, et al...Clin Biomech 2014;29(4). 
7. Reinschmidt C, Nigg BM...Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27(3)   
8. Wearing SC,  et al....Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014;46(8)
9. Munteanu SE, et al. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49(15)     
10. Willy, et al 2016, JOSPT, Patellofemoral Joint and Achilles Tendon Loads During Overground and Treadmill Running 
11. Almonroeder T, Willson JD, Kernozek TW. The effect of foot strike pattern on Achilles tendon load during running. Ann; Biomed Eng. 2013;41: 1758- 1766.
12. Eccentric Training for Achilles Tendinopathy: Jonsson P, et al. ...Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(9):746-749. ; AND Effectiveness of the Alfredson Protocol Compared With a Lower Repetition-Volume Protocol for Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Marc Stevens, Chee-Wee Tan, Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy Feb 2014 Volume44 Issue 2 Pages 59-67.   https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2014.4720

Achilles specific research references:

1. Sinclair J, et al...Clin Biomech 2014;29(4).
2. Reinschmidt C, Nigg BM...Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27(3)
3. Wearing SC, et al....Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014;46(8)
4. Munteanu SE, et al. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49(15)
5. Jonsson P, et al. ...Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(9):746-749.